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中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)萍鄉(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)成(cheng)立(li)于(yu)2008年，隸屬于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)集團，專業(ye)從(cong)事水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)的生產(chan)、銷售。公司(si)目前(qian)主要(yao)生產(chan)：32.5級(ji)復合硅酸鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)和42.5級(ji)普通硅酸鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)萍鄉(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)4500t/d熟(shu)料水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)生產(chan)線項目位(wei)于(yu)萍鄉(xiang)市上栗縣福田鎮(zhen)連陂(po)村，產(chan)品為水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)和熟(shu)料。生產(chan)線通過應(ying)用液體電阻起動(dong)技術保障了機(ji)(ji)電設備的安全運(yun)行(xing)，經過調試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)實踐證明，各電機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)設備達到了設計生產(chan)要(yao)求，本(ben)文對電機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)保護(hu)技術的應(ying)用情況進行(xing)了總結。

二、設備(bei)的選型

交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)直接啟動或者星(xing)—三角啟動產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)瞬變、浪涌(yong)現象(xiang)，會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)沖擊，特(te)別是大(da)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)會對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)及(ji)其他負載造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)干(gan)擾，導致整個(ge)供配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)過負荷(he)和不良的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化，甚(shen)至危害(hai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安(an)全運行。并會降低整個(ge)供配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)和電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備的(de)(de)運行質量(liang),導致從電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)到起動設備及(ji)到強應力點等(deng)整個(ge)驅動鏈(lian)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)故障(zhang)，增大(da)設備的(de)(de)故障(zhang)率，減(jian)少設備的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，增加生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)耗和生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本。

早(zao)期的串(chuan)聯電抗或電阻、串(chuan)聯自(zi)耦變壓(ya)器、星-三角(jiao)轉換(huan)等(deng)啟(qi)(qi)動方(fang)式難以達到啟(qi)(qi)動過(guo)程平穩的理想(xiang)要求，而(er)采用液體電阻軟啟(qi)(qi)動、變頻啟(qi)(qi)動、晶閘管軟啟(qi)(qi)動等(deng)無(wu)級啟(qi)(qi)動新技術后則能(neng)較好地得到實現。

水(shui)泥行(xing)業普遍存在現場(chang)工(gong)況環(huan)境(jing)惡劣(lie)，主(zhu)要是現場(chang)粉(fen)塵太多，對(dui)設備的(de)(de)(de)要求也相(xiang)對(dui)較高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)質量相(xiang)對(dui)較差，沒(mei)有很好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)容量。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)用大多為(wei)繞線式電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。

在萍(ping)鄉水(shui)泥4500t/d生產(chan)(chan)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動方式(shi)選擇中，按照技(ji)術可靠、經(jing)濟實用的(de)(de)(de)目標要(yao)求，比較(jiao)各種起(qi)動方式(shi)和(he)生產(chan)(chan)設備的(de)(de)(de)不同特點(dian)，選擇合適(shi)生產(chan)(chan)現場的(de)(de)(de)啟動方案(an)。對生產(chan)(chan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)高溫風機(ji)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)都采用了GSDQ系(xi)列(lie)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻軟起(qi)動器。生料輥(gun)壓機(ji)、煤磨(mo)(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、水(shui)泥磨(mo)(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、水(shui)泥輥(gun)壓機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、石灰石破碎(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、輔助原料破碎(sui)粗碎(sui)機(ji)、蓖冷機(ji)F2、F3電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)都是繞線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)且部分需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)載起(qi)動。選用的(de)(de)(de)是SDQ-A系(xi)列(lie)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻繞線(xian)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)軟起(qi)動器配HPS系(xi)列(lie)智能靜止進相器。

三、設備使用情(qing)況

GSDQ投入使(shi)用情況：

1、實現軟起(qi)(qi)動(dong)，起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電阻由(you)初始(shi)值逐漸連續變化減(jian)小(xiao)，直至為(wei)零，保證(zheng)電機(ji)平滑起(qi)(qi)動(dong)，無機(ji)械(xie)沖(chong)擊，無二次峰(feng)值電流沖(chong)擊。

2、起(qi)動電(dian)流可(ke)控(kong)制(起(qi)動過程可(ke)控(kong)制)根據負載實(shi)際工況，通過調整，配置電(dian)液的(de)濃度(du)來(lai)改變電(dian)阻值的(de)大小。

3、起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小于3倍(bei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動機額定定子電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。由于熱變(bian)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻為純(chun)電(dian)(dian)阻特性，無感性元件，起(qi)動器本身不會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)功率因(yin)數降低，所以，它(ta)相對于電(dian)(dian)抗器起(qi)動器、自耦降壓起(qi)動器等感性設備(bei)來(lai)說，起(qi)動時功率因(yin)數較高，必(bi)然起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)比它(ta)們小。

4、起(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)母(mu)線壓降低。由于起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電流比電抗器等(deng)其(qi)它起(qi)動(dong)(dong)設(she)備顯著減小，所以起(qi)動(dong)(dong)壓降〈10%Ue，對其(qi)它設(she)備影響小。

5、起(qi)動(dong)過程無(wu)諧波污染，起(qi)動(dong)轉矩(ju)大。由于水(shui)電阻本身(shen)無(wu)感性(xing)特性(xing)，近似純(chun)電阻，因(yin)此，具有起(qi)動(dong)功率因(yin)數高，起(qi)動(dong)轉矩(ju)大。

SDQ-A配HPS的使用情(qing)況：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：Iq≤1.3Ie ，起(qi)動時(shi)間(jian)調節范圍：13-45S可調，母線(xian)壓降(jiang)(jiang)：〈5%;并在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下大限度地減小起(qi)動時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓降(jiang)(jiang)，穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)質量。HPS進相后使交(jiao)流繞線(xian)式異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率因數達到0.96，無功(gong)功(gong)率下降(jiang)(jiang)60%以(yi)上，提(ti)高負載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過載(zai)能(neng)力和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)效率。對(dui)生(sheng)料(liao)輥壓機(ji)(ji)、煤磨(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、水泥磨(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、水泥輥壓機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)破(po)碎電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、輔助原料(liao)破(po)碎粗碎機(ji)(ji)、蓖冷(leng)機(ji)(ji)F2、F3電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動起(qi)到明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。

四、結束語

設(she)備(bei)投入使用后電機(ji)起動平穩，克服(fu)了(le)過(guo)去起動電流大、時間長(chang)引起的對電網電壓下降(jiang)的沖擊的問(wen)題。同一(yi)網絡上設(she)備(bei)由于風(feng)機(ji)起動而(er)低壓跳閘的現象(xiang)得(de)到(dao)了(le)完全避免。減(jian)少(shao)了(le)機(ji)械沖擊，降(jiang)低了(le)風(feng)機(ji)、風(feng)管的磨損(sun)，設(she)備(bei)的維修成本大幅下降(jiang)，電機(ji)風(feng)機(ji)運行更(geng)加穩定，運行效率大大提(ti)高。

一、前言

四川峨勝水(shui)泥股份有限公(gong)司(si)新(xin)開工的2條5000t/d新(xin)型干法水(shui)泥熟料項目位于峨眉(mei)山市羅目鎮高枧(jian)村(cun)。項目在2009年年底建成投產。

二、設備選型和使用(yong)情況

水(shui)泥行業普遍存在(zai)現場工況環境惡劣，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是現場粉塵太多，對設備的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)高。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網質量相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)差，沒有(you)很好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網容量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)選(xuan)用大多為繞(rao)線(xian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。 四川(chuan)峨勝(sheng)水(shui)泥股份有(you)限公(gong)司新開工的(de)(de)2條5000t/d生產線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)方(fang)式選(xuan)擇(ze)中，按照技(ji)術可靠、經濟實用的(de)(de)目標要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，比較(jiao)各種起(qi)動(dong)方(fang)式和生產設備的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)特點，選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)適生產現場的(de)(de)啟動(dong)方(fang)案。

水泥磨主(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)、原料磨主(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)、煤立磨主(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)、礦山破碎(sui)電(dian)機(ji)、砂巖破碎(sui)電(dian)機(ji)、輥壓機(ji)主(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)。對(dui)于(yu)水泥行業這些重載(zai)電(dian)機(ji)的起(qi)動。根據實際工況(kuang)采(cai)用(yong)了我公司SDQ-A系列(lie)水電(dian)阻繞線式軟起(qi)動器配(pei)HPS系列(lie)智能型靜(jing)止進相器，對(dui)進行電(dian)機(ji)的軟起(qi)動和功率補償。HPS采(cai)用(yong)的是微計算機(ji)控制理(li)論和交(jiao)-交(jiao)變頻技術。

SDQ-A系列(lie)水電(dian)阻起(qi)(qi)動(dong)柜串接于電(dian)動(dong)機的轉(zhuan)子回(hui)路中，變轉(zhuan)子電(dian)阻起(qi)(qi)動(dong)。轉(zhuan)子回(hui)路增(zeng)加適當電(dian)阻值(zhi)以后，一方(fang)面減(jian)小了起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流，另一方(fang)面可增(zeng)大起(qi)(qi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)矩，從而(er)縮(suo)短(duan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)時間(jian)，減(jian)少了電(dian)動(dong)機的發熱。

繞線式電(dian)動機串水電(dian)阻機械特性圖如下(xia)：

SDQ-A配HPS投入使用情況(kuang)：

1、電機起動電流：Iq≤1.3Ie。

2、起動(dong)時間調節范(fan)圍：13-45S可(ke)調。

3、母(mu)線壓降：小(xiao)于(yu)5%;并在(zai)電(dian)網允許的情況下大限度(du)地減小(xiao)起動時(shi)的電(dian)網壓降，穩定電(dian)網質量。

4、HPS進相后使(shi)交(jiao)流繞線式異步(bu)電動機的功率因數達到0.96，無(wu)功功率下降60%以上，提高負載(zai)的過(guo)載(zai)能力和(he)電機效率。

對水(shui)泥(ni)磨(mo)(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、原料磨(mo)(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、煤立磨(mo)(mo)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、礦山破碎(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、砂巖破碎(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、輥壓(ya)機(ji)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)重載起到明顯的(de)作用。

項目(mu)中高(gao)溫(wen)風機(ji)(ji)主電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、料(liao)循環風機(ji)(ji)主電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)都屬于大功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，在全壓起動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)下(xia)，會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網造成很(hen)大的(de)沖(chong)擊，對(dui)設備的(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傷害(hai)較(jiao)大。對(dui)4臺風機(ji)(ji)的(de)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)采用的(de)是我公司(si)GSDQ-R系列(lie)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)軟(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)。該熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)是利用電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)液的(de)負溫(wen)度特(te)性、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流和時(shi)間(jian)的(de)關系使水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)液溫(wen)度升高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值減(jian)小、轉速隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值減(jian)小而逐步(bu)增高(gao)，從而實現電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

GSDQ-R投(tou)入使用情(qing)況：

1、實現軟起(qi)動(dong)，起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)阻由(you)初始值(zhi)逐漸連續變化減(jian)小，直至為零，保證電(dian)機平滑起(qi)動(dong)，無機械沖擊，無二次(ci)峰(feng)值(zhi)電(dian)流沖擊。

2、起(qi)動電流可控制(zhi)(起(qi)動過程可控制(zhi))根據(ju)負載實際(ji)工(gong)況，通過調整，配置電液的濃度來改變電阻值的大小。

3、起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于(yu)3倍的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機額(e)定(ding)定(ding)子電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。由(you)于(yu)熱(re)變水電(dian)(dian)阻為純電(dian)(dian)阻特性(xing)，無感性(xing)元(yuan)件，起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)本身不(bu)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)網功(gong)率因(yin)數降低，所以(yi)，它相對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)、自耦降壓起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)等感性(xing)設備來說(shuo)，起(qi)(qi)動(dong)時功(gong)率因(yin)數較(jiao)高，必然起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比它們小(xiao)。

4、起動時母線壓降(jiang)低(di)。由于起動電流比電抗器等其(qi)它(ta)起動設(she)備顯(xian)著減(jian)小，所以起動壓降(jiang)〈10%Ue，對其(qi)它(ta)設(she)備影響小。

5、起(qi)動過程無(wu)諧波污(wu)染，起(qi)動轉(zhuan)矩大(da)。由于(yu)熱變水電(dian)阻(zu)本身無(wu)感性(xing)特性(xing)，近似(si)純電(dian)阻(zu)，因此，具有起(qi)動功率(lv)因數高，起(qi)動轉(zhuan)矩大(da)。

三、結束(shu)語

設(she)備正式投入使用以來(lai)，此(ci)設(she)備一(yi)直運行(xing)正常，延長了(le)整個系統(tong)中電(dian)機的(de)使用壽(shou)命，同時又保(bao)證了(le)正常生(sheng)產，具(ju)有明(ming)顯的(de)經濟效益和社會效益。