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礦山(shan) 選礦案例

引言

黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江龍(long)(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦業(ye)(ye)控(kong)股(gu)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有限(xian)責任公司(簡稱龍(long)(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)控(kong)股(gu)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan))是黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江省(sheng)屬(shu)國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，東(dong)北(蒙東(dong))地區(qu)規模大的(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，特大型煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，中國(guo)500強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，2011年(nian)在煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)百強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)排行中位列17位，本次(ci)項(xiang)目是對龍(long)(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)下(xia)設的(de)雙(shuang)鴨山分公司12臺風機(ji)進行軟(ruan)起動。

二、現狀及(ji)分析(xi)

隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步，行業規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)、裝備的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型化，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率也越來(lai)越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)動越來(lai)越受到大(da)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視，高壓(ya)大(da)型電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)動是(shi)一個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)問題，它關系(xi)到供(gong)配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)動能(neng)力(li)、起(qi)(qi)動設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)負(fu)載及傳(chuan)動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)聯合系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，起(qi)(qi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉變為機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，起(qi)(qi)動裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用就是(shi)通(tong)過選擇和控(kong)制(zhi)過程(cheng)參數，使起(qi)(qi)動時電(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、負(fu)載、傳(chuan)動都能(neng)滿足各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)指標要(yao)(yao)求。需要(yao)(yao)

根據電(dian)(dian)網(wang)條件、負(fu)載(zai)(zai)性質、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)起(qi)動能(neng)力，選擇什么樣的(de)起(qi)動設(she)(she)(she)備很關鍵，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、負(fu)載(zai)(zai)、起(qi)動設(she)(she)(she)備之間達到好的(de)匹配，即節省(sheng)投資，滿足起(qi)動要求，同時又有(you)一個良好的(de)起(qi)動性能(neng);一個好的(de)起(qi)動設(she)(she)(she)備可以節省(sheng)用戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)備投資，節省(sheng)大量的(de)裝(zhuang)機(ji)費。

大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機直(zhi)接起(qi)動(dong)時(shi)，起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通常是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的4倍(bei)~7倍(bei)，過(guo)大(da)的起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、傳動(dong)設(she)備(bei)造成較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的危害，嚴(yan)重時(shi)會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網失去穩定，諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)使(shi)網損加大(da)，系統發生諧振的可能(neng)性增加，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機和傳動(dong)設(she)備(bei)造成較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的沖擊(ji)(ji)力;大(da)量的熱和操作過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，會(hui)破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)機繞組絕緣(yuan)，引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機故障(zhang)，縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)(dian)機壽命，對(dui)于齒箱(xiang)傳動(dong)設(she)備(bei)會(hui)加快(kuai)磨損甚至損壞;為(wei)了減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的沖擊(ji)(ji)，就要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)機起(qi)動(dong)采取相應的措施(shi)。

三、方案(an)的選(xuan)定

龍煤雙(shuang)鴨山分公(gong)司電(dian)(dian)機額定(ding)功率(lv)：400KW、額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓6KV，電(dian)(dian)機數量：12臺(tai)。方案確(que)定(ding)使用(yong)我(wo)公(gong)司GDCQ系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)磁調壓軟(ruan)起動器，對12臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)機進行軟(ruan)起。

一次方案圖(tu)如下：

四、工(gong)作(zuo)原理

將調(diao)壓器的(de)繞(rao)組(zu)串(chuan)聯到(dao)電動機(ji)(ji)定子繞(rao)組(zu)，繞(rao)組(zu)利(li)用計算機(ji)(ji)閉環控制技術，根據起動要求連續調(diao)節晶閘管的(de)導通角，控制調(diao)壓器的(de)端電壓Ub1。

電動機(ji)的端電壓(ya)：Ud=Us-Ur-Ub1。

Us為電源(yuan)電壓，Ur為電源(yuan)內(nei)阻的壓降。

本(ben)項目中采用的是一拖二方案。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，QF0、QS1先合(he)上，QF1、QF2、QS2斷開(kai)(kai)，通(tong)過(guo)控制晶閘管導通(tong)角，使調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)兩端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)Ub1也逐(zhu)步下降，從而使電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)Ud逐(zhu)步上升(sheng)，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉矩逐(zhu)步加大，轉速也逐(zhu)步上升(sheng)，使電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平穩起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)，將QF1閉合(he)，QS1、QS2、QF2斷開(kai)(kai)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投入全壓(ya)(ya)運行。進行第(di)二臺(tai)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，QS2閉合(he)，QS1、QF2斷開(kai)(kai)，帶電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)后，QF2閉合(he)、QS1、QS2斷開(kai)(kai)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投入全壓(ya)(ya)運行。兩臺(tai)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)全部(bu)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)后，此時(shi)QS1、QS2、QF0全部(bu)斷開(kai)(kai)待下次起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

五、產品特點(dian)

起(qi)動電(dian)流可在1.5-3.5le任(ren)意選(xuan)擇(根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶需(xu)要(yao)，視相關參(can)數可設(she)計(ji)起(qi)動電(dian)流范(fan)圍)，起(qi)動時可確保電(dian)網壓降小，無(wu)二(er)次浪涌電(dian)流沖(chong)擊;起(qi)動時電(dian)機均勻加速，無(wu)機械沖(chong)擊，重復使用(yong)(yong)(yong)性好(hao)，無(wu)諧波污染;質量穩定可靠(kao)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命長;可實現軟(ruan)停止。

六、結束語

GDCQ系列(lie)電磁調(diao)壓(ya)軟起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器，在龍(long)煤雙(shuang)鴨山分公(gong)司(si)風機應用(yong)中，將起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電流(liu)控制在電網(wang)和電機允許的范圍內，且(qie)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)過程平穩，電網(wang)電壓(ya)波動(dong)較小，滿足了(le)電動(dong)機的起(qi)(qi)動(dong)要求，保證(zheng)了(le)電機的正常運(yun)行，可(ke)靠性高，故障率低，達到了(le)預期效(xiao)果。